In early 2026, two use cases that Anthropic said should not be included in its contracts with the U.S. Department of Defense drew international attention as focal points in the debate over the military use of AI: (1) mass domestic surveillance, and (2) fully autonomous weapons—systems that take humans out of the loop entirely and automate the selection and engagement of targets. These two issues remain contested between the U.S. government and AI companies across contracts, litigation, and public opinion.
Neither of the above falls within the scope of Sakana AI and its subsidiaries (including all current and future domestic and international locations and acquisitions; hereinafter referred to as collectively, "the Group"). Through both technical design and contractual terms, we take measures to ensure that the Group's products and services do not serve as a means for the autonomous use of lethal force.
More fundamentally, Japan's legal framework significantly restricts the Self-Defense Forces (SDF) from using weapons or equipment in an offensive or preemptive manner. This restriction rests on Article 9 of the Constitution, which renounces war and prohibits the maintenance of armed forces, and on the principle of senshu bōei (exclusively defense-oriented policy)—limiting the use of force to the minimum necessary for self-defense. The principle has been developed through more than 80 years of Diet deliberation in the postwar period, and was codified in the Legislation for Peace and Security (Heiwa Anzen Hōsei), enacted in 2015.
One concrete example: under Article 95-2 of the Self-Defense Forces Act, newly established by the 2015 Legislation for Peace and Security, the SDF may protect the weapons and equipment of U.S. and other allied forces. Since this mission became operational in 2017, it has been carried out every year, yet there has not been a single instance in which the SDF used weapons in a way that caused harm to any person. This demonstrates that legal restraint operates effectively in practice as well as on paper.
Exports of defense-related products and services are likewise governed by the Three Principles on Transfer of Defense Equipment and Technology (Bōei Sōbi Iten San Gensoku), a screening framework covering destinations, intended uses, and other conditions of transfer. Institutional safeguards are in place to prevent the Group's products and services from being used in conflicts in ways inconsistent with Japan's intent.
These are only examples. Japan's legal framework contains multiple layers of rules governing the activities of the Self-Defense Forces and the handling of defense equipment. Sakana AI, along with its subsidiaries, does not need to reinvent the wheel; our position is to trust and respect this existing legal framework.
Note: US Department of Defense is also referred to as the Department of War.